{"id":1881,"date":"2026-10-20T12:19:19","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T12:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/?p=1881"},"modified":"2026-10-22T08:47:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T08:47:28","slug":"the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/ro\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\/","title":{"rendered":"The car, a capitalist dream come true"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The car, a capitalist dream come true\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eJyHyuhCVOE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Credits<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Writer and Narrator &#8211; <strong>M. Martelli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Art Director and Illustrator &nbsp;&#8211; <strong>Mina Mimosa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Director, Cinematographer, Video Editor, Sound Editor, and Narrator \u2013 <strong>Aron Nor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Video transcript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[General Motors Presents\u2026]<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">just kidding\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Your Chevrolet Dealer Presents]<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oops, that\u2019s not the one\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[created by just wondering\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, now we can turn the key\u2026 [in the ignition]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The car. Do you love it or do you hate it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1886\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/01-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do you dream of driving it on the winding roads, or do you loathe its honking and pollution? Do you ever wonder where it goes when it gets old? Can you afford it? Can society? Can the future?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The radical monopoly of automobility<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[You are about to take a journey out of this world into the world of the future. Forget the world around you. Forget the people around you. You are entering Futurama.]<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1939, at the New York World\u2019s Fair exhibit, the city of the future looked like this: large highways sprawling into the urban center, separate passageways for pedestrians, and unlimited space for motorcars to speed to and from work.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> This was designer and eugenicist Norman Bel Geddes\u2019 vision at the General Motors pavilion, based on the prototype of the Shell Oil City of Tomorrow.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> You\u2019d say that was a magical act of forecasting, if only it wasn\u2019t something else: a way to sell the world to come.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\"><em><sup><strong><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1887\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/02-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Philosopher Andr\u00e9 Gorz writes that \u201cThe oil magnates were the first to perceive the prize that could be extracted from the wide distribution of the motorcar. If people could be induced to travel in cars, they could be sold the fuel necessary to move them. For the first time in history, people would become dependent for their locomotion on a commercial source of energy.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> A capitalist dream comes true!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cars had been existing for some years, but they had some problems.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> One was the lack of separate roads through which they could accelerate as much as they pleased. As tech critic Paris Marx writes, the streets of the late 19th century were shared by people, horse-drawn carriages, bicycles and streetcars.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> In alleys, children could play, while others could stop by vendors, as the rhythm of movement didn\u2019t pose as many dangers. This arrangement didn\u2019t work with the motorcar, for the motorcar\u2019s promise was that of being faster than anyone else, and it couldn\u2019t reach its full potential without kicking the rest of the users from the road. But, wait a minute\u2026 even now, when we do have highways over many continents, we still cannot drive at maximum speed most of the time. That\u2019s right. Because cars, as Gorz underlines, are a luxury product. We now live and breathe traffic because the car was never truly for the masses \u2013 when everyone has one, everyone is stuck. And rest assured, not everyone can have one, that wouldn\u2019t work, yet even so, the car has become a \u201cvital necessity\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Our whole way of living has become geared towards the automobile.]<a href=\"#_ftn10\" id=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This wasn\u2019t an accident, nor was it destiny. It took money, a lot of influence, and a good mix of propaganda to instill the radical monopoly of the car, but, with the power of multiple industries combined, lobbying for state support, they did it! For social critic Ivan Illich, this monopoly was called radical because cars became the dominant, sometimes only, means of satisfying the need for mobility. Unlike the monopoly of one corporation over a product, this kind of monopoly is totalizing, as it organizes society around itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1888\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<strong>Radical monopoly<\/strong> imposes compulsory consumption and thereby restricts personal autonomy. It constitutes a special kind of social control be\u00adcause it is enforced by means of the imposed consumption of a standard product that only large institutions can provide.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn11\" id=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[In other automobile companies, the same vision existed. A vision of the automobile as an essential means of transportation and of jobs, the result has been the development of an industry that makes the single greatest contribution to the national economy.]<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Every man, woman, or child in America could go riding at the same time, because there is a car for every three persons]<a href=\"#_ftn13\" id=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Now John Smith can travel safely and quickly to his job, because new roads, like magic arteries, pomp increased value, he now travels over a property whose value has increased a 100 times over.]<a href=\"#_ftn14\" id=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I mean, now the equivalent to John Smith kind of has to, if he can still afford to live wherever he was living, which he might, if he is middle class, cis male and white, but the traffic power structure was never so generous to people of color or to the poor, who got evicted from their neighbourhoods or were forced to live near extremely loud, highly polluting, newly built highways.<a href=\"#_ftn15\" id=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, people fought this! In the beginning, many didn\u2019t want cars. They saw it was just the elite who had them. They saw the crashes, the violence they provoked, and they were horrified. Mothers protested the death of their children, who were the first victims of cars, and still are, disproportionately. More Americans died in automobile crashes in the 1920s than in World War I.<a href=\"#_ftn16\" id=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> The level of violence we\u2019re accustomed to now thanks to traffic was not at all usual. We should remember that for a long time, streets were for humans, as well as for the non-human animals that happened to live around us. And children had a right to be on them. You could cross them and get to know your neighbours. Yet in just a few decades, the idea of playing soccer in the middle of the road seems unsafe, if not impossible, in many places. The oil and the car industry have been gleefully shaking hands with associates.<a href=\"#_ftn17\" id=\"_ftnref17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> And, for the first time in history, speed has become a marker of class \u2013 like Ivan Illich says, \u201cTell me how fast you go and I\u2019ll tell you who you are.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\" id=\"_ftnref18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yesterday\u2019s cars, today\u2019s disasters<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/04-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fast forward to this day, global car production has reached such a magnitude that, if we put all the cars manufactured last year one in front of the other, in a line, we could reach the moon and have some to spare.<a href=\"#_ftn19\" id=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> The system of automobility is entrenched, and we know too well of its shortcomings. Sociologist John Urry puts it this way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cPeople inhabit congestion, jams, temporal uncertainties and health-threatening city environments, as a consequence of being encapsulated in a domestic, cocooned, moving capsule. Automobility [&#8230;] coerces people into an intense flexibility.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn20\" id=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I mean, it\u2019s a strange mode of mobility in which you are completely immobile, eyes glued to the street, hands on the wheel, foot on the pedal\u2026 a mode of travel in which the unexpected becomes life-threatening, and other participants in traffic turn into annoyances. We already know that cars contribute enormously to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, transport as a sector covering about a sixth of global emissions.<a href=\"#_ftn21\" id=\"_ftnref21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> We see how cars atomize and isolate us, deepen class differences, destroy neighbourhoods, impair our mental health through constant stress and noise, injure, disable and even kill us\u2026 and yet they continue to be subsidized with public money in various ways, despite the fact that the privilege of driving is unequally distributed. Children, again, come at a disadvantage, as do older people and even women.<a href=\"#_ftn22\" id=\"_ftnref22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> The so-called freedom of the road obscures the dependence on a complex societal system: loans from banks to pay for the car, hundreds of hours of work to reach the yearly expenditures, reliance on experts and the fossil fuel industry, a need for governments to maintain infrastructure and lawfulness and so on.<a href=\"#_ftn23\" id=\"_ftnref23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We tend to consider cars efficient, but Illich argues we should look at the total social time dedicated to them, not just driving time.<a href=\"#_ftn24\" id=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> Recently, some researchers did that in Barcelona.<a href=\"#_ftn25\" id=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> Beyond driving, they calculated the hours of labour to maintain and pay for the expenses of the vehicle, the endless searching for parking, the cleaning, the repairing, and for a year, they got to\u2026 450 hours devoted solely to the motorcar. When divided by the average distance they drive, it doesn\u2019t get much past 7 km per hour.<a href=\"#_ftn26\" id=\"_ftnref26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> Pretty much anyone on a bike could surpass that. I mean, if you\u2019re a speedy walker, with a few sprints you could do that on foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet there\u2019s one other cumbersome thing about cars we don\u2019t often consider\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>&#8211;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[I\u2019m a girl who happens to think that a new car is better than mink!]<a href=\"#_ftn27\" id=\"_ftnref27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People enjoy a new car even more than they enjoy animal slaughter! But what about the old ones? Where do they go?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many old cars don\u2019t just get scrapped. Why do that, when they can still run for a few months, or maybe years? No, entities like the US and the EU export them to other regions, such as Africa or Eastern Europe, making sure they are free from the clunker\u2019s emissions with full pockets.<a href=\"#_ftn28\" id=\"_ftnref28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1890\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/05-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s zoom in on Romania, because that\u2019s where we\u2019re from. Despite being in the EU, it reflects a core-semi-periphery pattern, as it provides cheap labour and a market for goods and waste to the Western core.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Romania\u2019s car fleet is quite old, with the average age of a vehicle being about 16 years.<a href=\"#_ftn29\" id=\"_ftnref29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> In fact, seven out of ten cars registered in 2025 were second-hand, with a majority reliance on classical fuels such as diesel and gas.<a href=\"#_ftn30\" id=\"_ftnref30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> That\u2019s not surprising, given the fact that a person on minimum wage would have to save money for about 30 to 50 years to be able to buy a new car.<a href=\"#_ftn31\" id=\"_ftnref31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> That\u2019s if they can save any at all, which is quite unlikely. If they have the average salary, maybe they could do it in\u2026 20 or less!<a href=\"#_ftn32\" id=\"_ftnref32\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> Even with national car scrappage programs such as Rabla, things don\u2019t get much better, because the enrolled cars\u2019 price is still too high. It\u2019s more like a little help for the middle classes who could often afford a new-ish car anyway.<a href=\"#_ftn33\" id=\"_ftnref33\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> I mean, of course Romanians are buying the cheaper second-hand cars. And that benefits the exporting countries, because it shifts the responsibility of disposal of the soon-to-be waste.<a href=\"#_ftn34\" id=\"_ftnref34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> It\u2019s the shadow work of power, selling you damaged goods, along with inefficiency, pollution and danger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/06-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For one, used cars are more likely to leak fuel, increasing consumption and environmental damage.<a href=\"#_ftn35\" id=\"_ftnref35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, the old vehicle fleet damages air quality, and the high numbers of diesel cars are directly related to premature deaths due to air pollution.<a href=\"#_ftn36\" id=\"_ftnref36\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, the roadworthiness of old cars is debatable \u2013 the risk of casualties is much higher in lower-income countries, although generally fewer motor vehicles are driven.<a href=\"#_ftn37\" id=\"_ftnref37\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> Romania, specifically, has the highest fatality rate in Europe, and in urban spaces, non-car users represent 70% of total fatalities.<a href=\"#_ftn38\" id=\"_ftnref38\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a> That\u2019s also due to issues with road infrastructure, but old cars don\u2019t help for sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wait, did I mention that greenhouse gas emissions do not stop at the borders? You\u2019d imagine they do, seeing how many countries export their cars elsewhere as if that\u2019s a problem solved. But no\u2026 no\u2026 To not burn in the fires of hell on Earth, we\u2019d kinda have to, you know, actually lower emissions globally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s take a step back and remember our old friends who did so much to make all this happen. Corporations such as Ford, General Motors, Toyota, Volkswagen\u2026 ah, Volkswagen! What a democratic name, right? The people\u2019s car! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1892\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/07-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its pretty Beetle really entered the collective imagination, so much so that you can still buy posters of its historical ads online for less than 100 dollars!<a href=\"#_ftn39\" id=\"_ftnref39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a> Did you know Volkswagen operated eight forced-labour camps with Jewish inmates and prisoners of war?<a href=\"#_ftn40\" id=\"_ftnref40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> I guess if one were to make a list of terrible things automotive corporations did, it would be quite long. A more recent one, from 2015, called Dieselgate, contributed to a growth in the already considerable number of premature deaths related to air pollution. What did Volkswagen do, exactly? They used a \u2018defeat device\u2019 that could cheat vehicle testing for regulatory purposes. Cars on the road were actually outputting over four times the applicable limit of nitrogen oxides.<a href=\"#_ftn41\" id=\"_ftnref41\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a> After denying they did anything wrong, Volkswagen finally apologized, so I guess it\u2019s fine; only 11 million cars worldwide were involved\u2026 If we put them one in front of the other, the line could wrap all the way around the Earth once, and then still get from London to Beijing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The moral of this story? I\u2019ll leave that up to you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The truth is, modern society puts us at risk with things of its own making.<a href=\"#_ftn42\" id=\"_ftnref42\"><sup>[42]<\/sup><\/a> The story of automobility is also a story of class difference, of capitalism on steroids, of colonialism and environmental injustice. And, yes, while we\u2019re at it, it\u2019s important to supervise powerful actors, to find ways to regulate emissions, to make sure registered cars are roadworthy, to hold exporting countries responsible, and to tax, if not ban, the import of polluting goods.<a href=\"#_ftn43\" id=\"_ftnref43\"><sup>[43]<\/sup><\/a> But much more can be done to change how we live and move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mobility futures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just look at the past.<a href=\"#_ftn44\" id=\"_ftnref44\"><sup>[44]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/08-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flying cars have always filled people\u2019s imaginations, and today, they still do. Haven\u2019t we been promised one for decades? The tech giants of this age are even more daring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Elon Musk: I have a name for it, it is called the hyperloop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interviewer: The hyperloop?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elon Musk: The hyperloop, yeah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interviewer: It\u2019s like a Jetsons\u2019 tunnel?]<a href=\"#_ftn45\" id=\"_ftnref45\"><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Elon Musk: Honestly, it\u2019s a lot easier than people think.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interviewer: The blueprints are pretty complicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elon Musk: Well, blueprints are always complicated and, yes, there\u2019s math\u2026 But it\u2019s really not that hard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interviewer: It still sounds pretty complicated, Elon.]<a href=\"#_ftn46\" id=\"_ftnref46\"><sup>[46]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Elon Musk in 2016: I think we\u2019re basically, less than two years away from complete autonomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elon Musk in 2024: Well, I tend to be a little optimistic with timeframes. But\u2026 in 2026! Before 2027, let me put it that way!]<a href=\"#_ftn47\" id=\"_ftnref47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For years and years, the automotive companies have promised us that better tech and more roads will solve our mobility problems.<a href=\"#_ftn48\" id=\"_ftnref48\"><sup>[48]<\/sup><\/a> But have they?! A new hope is dumping the combustion engine and switching to electric. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/09-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But seriously, will replacing the entire motorcar fleet with electric vehicles solve the many problems we have with automobility? It might save us some time climate-wise, but that\u2019s not enough. It seems like this single focus on technology has made us forget that mobility is political. It should be up to us, as a society, to decide how fast and how far we want to move, or if we\u2019d like to stay put.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mobility needs are not set in stone, and even the ones that might be, don\u2019t require a specific mode. Degrowth imaginaries challenge cars\u2019 radical monopoly and their encroachment of the urban space, providing solutions through multiple options, including public transportation and active mobility, such as biking, scooting or the age-old walking.<a href=\"#_ftn49\" id=\"_ftnref49\"><sup>[49]<\/sup><\/a> The private car seemed practical because its real costs were shifted onto society at large.<a href=\"#_ftn50\" id=\"_ftnref50\"><sup>[50]<\/sup><\/a> But, with increasing congestion, pollution, alienation, and the unfolding climate chaos, is it even realistic to rely on it anymore?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You could say, yeah no, it\u2019s not, but what would happen to all the automotive jobs? Worry not, for some smart people are already thinking about that. According to researchers at the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, even in Germany, the fourth biggest automotive producing country in the world, a degrowth in private automobility is possible through a just transition with the creation of new jobs.<a href=\"#_ftn51\" id=\"_ftnref51\"><sup>[51]<\/sup><\/a> That can happen with reconversion, trade union involvement, state planning and an increase in the use of public transport. And if you sprinkle in the shortening of the work week, everything is even better.<a href=\"#_ftn52\" id=\"_ftnref52\"><sup>[52]<\/sup><\/a> They say that \u201can overall traffic mix is possible in which car traffic is even less than 10 percent.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn53\" id=\"_ftnref53\"><sup>[53]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1895\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/10-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And they\u2019re not the only ones with ideas. The Swedish network Planka, which promotes free public transport, wishes to replace the paradigm of automobility with one of accessibility.<a href=\"#_ftn54\" id=\"_ftnref54\"><sup>[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe paradigm of accessibility suggests that all people should have access to necessary and desirable social services in the places where they live. It is an approach that subverts the idea of mobility as a value in itself.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn55\" id=\"_ftnref55\"><sup>[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This cannot happen in a heartbeat, but it can happen &#8211; it\u2019s already happening! Cities like Tallinn and Belgrade are offering free public transport, while others like Amsterdam, Copenhagen and Ghent are prioritizing active mobility and restricting cars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultimately, looking at accessibility forces us to contend with how mobility is related to housing, labour, education, health, and everything else in society. Social services, for example, cannot be concentrated in just one place, because everyone should be able to get to them.<a href=\"#_ftn56\" id=\"_ftnref56\"><sup>[56]<\/sup><\/a> Forcing people to travel far distances for essential goods is another creation of the automobility system that we can contest. There\u2019s a kind of freedom we\u2019ve forgotten, and that\u2019s the freedom from compulsion \u2013 whether to stay, or to go.<a href=\"#_ftn57\" id=\"_ftnref57\"><sup>[57]<\/sup><\/a> A regime of mobility justice doesn\u2019t put pressure on people to commute long hours to be able to work, whether by car, train or bus. It includes decentralization, regional production, and protection from uncontrolled investment and land grabbing.<a href=\"#_ftn58\" id=\"_ftnref58\"><sup>[58]<\/sup><\/a> And more than that \u2013 it enacts visions democratically decided by collectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, maybe we should put out some chairs in the parking spaces, grab a few tables, share cups of tea, coffee and lemonade, add a snack bowl and start to discuss:<a href=\"#_ftn59\" id=\"_ftnref59\"><sup>[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is speed the ultimate of our desires?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is individual private mobility in a hot metal box what we really want?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do pedestrians fantasize about flying vehicles?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do Eastern Europeans dream of second-hand cars?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Will the future smell of gasoline, hot concrete and spent lithium batteries?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or is there another road, another rhythm, another politics for us?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-2048x2048\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1152\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-2048x1152.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1897\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-1024x576@2x.png 2048w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/12-300x169@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Remember, the bicycle rider of today is the automobile rider of tomorrow.]<a href=\"#_ftn60\" id=\"_ftnref60\"><sup>[60]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or, as I\u2019d like to say, the automobile driver of today is the bicycle rider of tomorrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\" style=\"color:#75717f\">Acknowledgments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This video-essay was supported by the climate network 2Celsius, through a project led by Raul Cazan about the second hand car market in Romania, with funds from the European Climate Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-2CELSIUS-mare.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1905\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5267175233793375;width:177px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-2CELSIUS-mare.png 1000w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-2CELSIUS-mare-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-2CELSIUS-mare-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/logo-2CELSIUS-mare-300x197@2x.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This video would not have been possible without the generous support of all our patreons! We are extremely lucky and grateful to have you all on our side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thanks to Sergiu Novac and Emrah Irzik for checking out the script of the video essay in the production phase!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">To Zmeu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">The most social and gentle cat we knew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Cars should have never robbed you of your life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2\" style=\"color:#75717f\">Notes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> General Motors Photographic, &#8220;Your Permit to Drive,&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1951, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Handy (Jam) Organization, &#8220;How to Go Places,&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1954, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/HowtoGoP1954\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/HowtoGoP1954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Frigidaire, &#8220;Out of This World,&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1964, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/out_of_this_world\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/out_of_this_world<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> Wikipedia, &#8220;Futurama (New York World&#8217;s Fair) &#8211; Wikipedia,&#8221; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., December 10, 2001, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futurama_(New_York_World%27s_Fair)\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futurama_(New_York_World%27s_Fair)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Futurama_(New_York_World%27s_Fair)<\/a>. See also the first chapter in Paris Marx, <em>Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation<\/em> (Verso, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> Wikipedia, &#8220;Norman Bel Geddes &#8211; Wikipedia,&#8221; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., February 6, 2004, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Bel_Geddes\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Bel_Geddes\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Bel_Geddes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> Marx, Road to nowhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Andr\u00e9 Gorz, &#8220;The Social Ideology of the Motorcar,&#8221; uneavenearth.org, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/unevenearth.org\/2018\/08\/the-social-ideology-of-the-motorcar\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/unevenearth.org\/2018\/08\/the-social-ideology-of-the-motorcar\/\">https:\/\/unevenearth.org\/2018\/08\/the-social-ideology-of-the-motorcar\/<\/a>. <em>Translated by Patsy Vigderman&nbsp; in<\/em> Ecology as Politics <em>(Black Rose Books, 1980) from Le Sauvage September-October 1973.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp; MPO Productions, &#8220;The American road,&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1953, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/the-american-road-1953\/the-american-road-1953-10mbps.mp4\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/the-american-road-1953\/the-american-road-1953-10mbps.mp4<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> Marx, Road to nowhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> General Motors Photographic, &#8220;Your Permit to Drive,&#8221;&nbsp; minute 2:50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Ivan Illich, <em>Tools for Conviviality<\/em> (Harper and Row, 1973), 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> Sound Masters, &#8220;Achievement USA&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1955, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a>\\<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Achievem1955\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Achievem1955<\/a>, 5:55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> Handy (Jam) Organization, &#8220;Key to our horizons&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1952,<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/KeytoOur1952\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/KeytoOur1952<\/a>, 1:19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> MPO Productions, &#8220;Freedom of the American Road&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1955, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Freedomo1955_2\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Freedomo1955_2<\/a>, 1:36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> Planka.nu, <em>The Traffic Power Structure<\/em> (PM Press, 2016);&nbsp; Sarah Goodyear, Doug Gordon, &#8220;EPISODE 164: The Creation of America\u2019s Car Culture, Part 2,&#8221; 2026, in <em>The War on Cars<\/em>, podcast, MP3 audio, <a href=\"https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2026\/01\/06\/episode-164-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture-part-2\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2026\/01\/06\/episode-164-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture-part-2\/\">https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2026\/01\/06\/episode-164-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture-part-2\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> Sarah Goodyear, Doug Gordon, &#8220;EPISODE 161: The Creation of America\u2019s Car Culture,&#8221; 2025, in <em>The War on Cars<\/em>, podcast, MP3 audio, <a href=\"https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2026\/01\/06\/episode-164-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture-part-2\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2025\/11\/11\/episode-161-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture\/\">https:\/\/thewaroncars.org\/2025\/11\/11\/episode-161-the-creation-of-americas-car-culture\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">Planka.nu<\/a>, 33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> Gorz, The Social Ideology. Ivan Illich, <em>Energy and Equity<\/em> (Harper &amp; Row, 1974). Also attributed to Jean Roberts, according to Elias Gonzalez Gomez, <em>Conviviality and political resistance from below: Ivan Illich\u2019s legacy in Mexico<\/em>, (Active Distribution, Rupture, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> Calculated based on &#8220;Worldwide Automobile Production,&#8221; Statista, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/262747\/worldwide-automobile-production-since-2000\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/262747\/worldwide-automobile-production-since-2000\/\">https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/262747\/worldwide-automobile-production-since-2000\/<\/a>. And on Statistics Netherlands, &#8220;Passenger Cars Keep Getting Longer, Wider and Heavier,&#8221; Statistics Netherlands, April 28, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/en-gb\/news\/2025\/18\/passenger-cars-keep-getting-longer-wider-and-heavier\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/en-gb\/news\/2025\/18\/passenger-cars-keep-getting-longer-wider-and-heavier\">https:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/en-gb\/news\/2025\/18\/passenger-cars-keep-getting-longer-wider-and-heavier<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> John Urry, \u201cThe System of Automobility,\u201d Theory, Culture &amp; Society 21, 4\u20135 (2004): 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, &#8220;Chapter 10: Transport,&#8221; ipcc.ch, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/chapter\/chapter-10\/?utm\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/chapter\/chapter-10\/?utm\">https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/chapter\/chapter-10\/?utm<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">Planka.nu<\/a>; Women come at a disadvantage for multiple reasons, from now being allowed to drive in some countries, to being more frequent walkers and users of overcrowded sidewalks, including with baby strollers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">Planka.nu<\/a>, 92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> Illich, <em>Energy and Equity.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Cattaneo et al., &#8220;A Degrowth Approach to Urban Mobility Options: Just, Desirable and Practical Options,&#8221; <em>Local Environment<\/em> 27, no. 4 (January 2022): 462, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13549839.2022.2025769\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13549839.2022.2025769\">10.1080\/13549839.2022.2025769<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> Illich, <em>Energy and Equity<\/em>. Cattaneo et al, <em>A degrowth<\/em>. Where 8 km = 5 miles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> MPO Productions, &#8220;Design For dreaming&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1956, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Designfo1956\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Designfo1956<\/a>, min 1:26).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> Ariadne Baskin, &#8220;Overview of UN Environment&#8217;s Used Vehicles Work &#8211; Focus on Africa,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/UNEP%20presentation%20on%20Used%20Vehicles%20(June%202019).pdf\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/UNEP%20presentation%20on%20Used%20Vehicles%20(June%202019).pdf\">https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/UNEP%20presentation%20on%20Used%20Vehicles%20(June%202019).pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> Tudor M\u0103cic\u0103\u0219an, Matei Trifescu, and Raul Cazan, &#8220;SOLU\u021aII la PROBLEMA IMPORTURILOR de MA\u0218INI POLUANTE la M\u00c2NA a DOUA \u00een ROM\u00c2NIA,&#8221; Asocia\u021bia 2CELSIUS, 2celsius.org, 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/2celsius.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Policy-Paper-Masini-la-mana-a-doua-1.pdf\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/2celsius.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Policy-Paper-Masini-la-mana-a-doua-1.pdf\">https:\/\/2celsius.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Policy-Paper-Masini-la-mana-a-doua-1.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" id=\"_ftn30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> M\u0103cic\u0103\u0219an, Trifescu, Cazan; agerpres.ro, &#8220;\u0218apte din Zece Autoturisme \u00cenmatriculate \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u00een 2025 Au Fost Second-Hand (Analiz\u0103),&#8221; agerpres.ro, <a href=\"https:\/\/agerpres.ro\/2026\/01\/29\/sapte-din-zece-autoturisme-inmatriculate-in-romania-in-2025-au-fost-second-hand-analiza--1523201\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/agerpres.ro\/2026\/01\/29\/sapte-din-zece-autoturisme-inmatriculate-in-romania-in-2025-au-fost-second-hand-analiza--1523201\">https:\/\/agerpres.ro\/2026\/01\/29\/sapte-din-zece-autoturisme-inmatriculate-in-romania-in-2025-au-fost-second-hand-analiza&#8211;1523201<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" id=\"_ftn31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> Natalia Ciobanu &amp; Adela Fofiu, \u201eIMPACTUL SOCIAL AL SCHEMELOR DE RE\u00ceNNOIRE A PARCULUI NA\u021aIONAL AUTO: PROGRAMELE RABLA \u0218I RABLA PLUS\u201d, Asocia\u021bia 2CELSIUS, <a href=\"http:\/\/2celsius.org\">2celsius.org<\/a>, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/2celsius.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/RABLA.ro_.pdf\">https:\/\/2celsius.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/RABLA.ro_.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" id=\"_ftn32\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> Ciobanu &amp; Fofiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" id=\"_ftn33\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> Ciobanu &amp; Fofiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" id=\"_ftn34\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> Sophie Louise Scherger, &#8220;Clunkers for Mobility? A Critical Environmental Justice Perspective on the EU\u2019s Exports of Used Cars to the Global South&#8221; (PhD diss., Lund University, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" id=\"_ftn35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> Ignacio del Rosal, &#8220;This Car Is Gone to Haven: EU Exports of Used Cars,&#8221; <em>Journal of Environmental Planning and Management<\/em> (February 2026), doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09640568.2025.2605294\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09640568.2025.2605294\">10.1080\/09640568.2025.2605294<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" id=\"_ftn36\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> Helotonio Carvalho, &#8220;Air Pollution-Related Deaths in Europe \u2013 Time for Action,&#8221; <em>Journal of Global Health<\/em> 9, no. 2 (November 2019): 02, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.09.020308\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.09.020308\">10.7189\/jogh.09.020308<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" id=\"_ftn37\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> Scherger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" id=\"_ftn38\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a> Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, &#8220;EU Road Fatalities Drop by 3% in 2024, But Progress Remains Slow,&#8221; Mobility and Transport, March 18, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/eu-road-fatalities-drop-3-2024-progress-remains-slow-2025-03-18_en\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/eu-road-fatalities-drop-3-2024-progress-remains-slow-2025-03-18_en\">https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/news-events\/news\/eu-road-fatalities-drop-3-2024-progress-remains-slow-2025-03-18_en<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" id=\"_ftn39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;Volkswagen Ads, Vintage Magazine Advertisements | Ad Patina,&#8221; Ad Patina, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adpatina.com\/collections\/volkswagen-vintage-ads\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adpatina.com\/collections\/volkswagen-vintage-ads\">https:\/\/www.adpatina.com\/collections\/volkswagen-vintage-ads<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" id=\"_ftn40\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> Holocaust Encyclopedia, \u201cThe \u201cPeople\u2019s Car\u201d and the Nazi State\u201d. <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/volkswagen-1\">https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/volkswagen-1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" id=\"_ftn41\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a> Guillaume P Chossi\u00e8re et al., &#8220;Public Health Impacts of Excess NO &lt;Sub&gt;x&lt;\/sub&gt; Emissions from Volkswagen Diesel Passenger Vehicles in Germany,&#8221; <em>Environmental Research Letters<\/em> 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 00, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa5987\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa5987\">10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa5987<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" id=\"_ftn42\"><sup>[42]<\/sup><\/a> Illich, <em>Energy and Equity<\/em>. Something many others have written about, as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" id=\"_ftn43\"><sup>[43]<\/sup><\/a> M\u0103cic\u0103\u0219an, Trifescu, Cazan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" id=\"_ftn44\"><sup>[44]<\/sup><\/a> RHP, &#8220;Futuristic Postcards: Life in the Year 2000 (as Predicted in 1900) &#8211; Rare Historical Photos,&#8221; Rare Historical Photos, December 8, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/rarehistoricalphotos.com\/life-year-2000-1900\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/rarehistoricalphotos.com\/life-year-2000-1900\/\">https:\/\/rarehistoricalphotos.com\/life-year-2000-1900\/<\/a> and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rarehistoricalphotos.com\/french-postcards-futuristic-world-year-2000\/.\">https:\/\/rarehistoricalphotos.com\/french-postcards-futuristic-world-year-2000\/.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" id=\"_ftn45\"><sup>[45]<\/sup><\/a> Elon Musk Clips, &#8220;Elon Musk explains his ideas for the hyperloop,&#8221; <em>Youtub<\/em>e, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OPDnk8tosHI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OPDnk8tosHI<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" id=\"_ftn46\"><sup>[46]<\/sup><\/a> CNN, &#8220;Elon Musk: The Hyperloop is easy, my interns can do it,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bQcfi8HK1i8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bQcfi8HK1i8<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" id=\"_ftn47\"><sup>[47]<\/sup><\/a> MG Investing, &#8220;Elon Musk Promises Full Self-Driving &#8216;Next Year&#8217;,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B4rdISpXigM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B4rdISpXigM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" id=\"_ftn48\"><sup>[48]<\/sup><\/a> Marx, Road to nowhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" id=\"_ftn49\"><sup>[49]<\/sup><\/a> Cattaneo et al, 460.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" id=\"_ftn50\"><sup>[50]<\/sup><\/a> Cattaneo et al, 482.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" id=\"_ftn51\"><sup>[51]<\/sup><\/a> Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, \u201dAnd what about my job? Just mobility and Alternative Production\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosalux.de\/fileadmin\/rls_uploads\/pdfs\/sonst_publikationen\/And_what_about_my_job_Brochure.pdf\">https:\/\/www.rosalux.de\/fileadmin\/rls_uploads\/pdfs\/sonst_publikationen\/And_what_about_my_job_Brochure.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" id=\"_ftn52\"><sup>[52]<\/sup><\/a> Mario Candeias, \u201dSwitching Lanes\u201d, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" id=\"_ftn53\"><sup>[53]<\/sup><\/a> Candeias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" id=\"_ftn54\"><sup>[54]<\/sup><\/a> P<a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">lanka.nu<\/a>, 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" id=\"_ftn55\"><sup>[55]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">Planka.nu<\/a>, 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" id=\"_ftn56\"><sup>[56]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/planka.nu\">Planka.nu<\/a>, 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" id=\"_ftn57\"><sup>[57]<\/sup><\/a> Noel Cass and Katharina Manderscheid, &#8220;The Autonomobility System: Mobility Justice and Freedom under Sustainability,&#8221; in <em>Mobilities, Mobility Justice and Social Justice<\/em>, ed. Nancy Cook and David Butz (2019), 101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" id=\"_ftn58\"><sup>[58]<\/sup><\/a> Cass and Manderscheid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" id=\"_ftn59\"><sup>[59]<\/sup><\/a> See Parking Day, a global movement to reclaim urban space from cars. For more on speed and alienation, see our video: just wondering, \u201eAlienation &#8211; Eat while you work, work while you commute\u201d, Youtube Video, 2019, written by Emrah Irzik, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Mm5fIHwHjlc\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Mm5fIHwHjlc<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" id=\"_ftn60\"><sup>[60]<\/sup><\/a> Davis (Sid) Productions, &#8220;Bicycle Today, Automobile Tomorrow,&#8221; Internet Archive, Prelinger Archives, 1951, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BicycleToday\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BicycleToday<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\" style=\"color:#75717f\"><strong>Video references<\/strong>, sources, and copyrights<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>\u2193 Visual references<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jam Handy Organization, &#8220;Master Hands (4K),&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1936, Public Domain Mark 1.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/masterhandscomplete4kh264\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/masterhandscomplete4kh264<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Braun Antal, &#8220;K\u00e9t f\u00e9rfi, Moszkvics, 1966. Fortepan 59495,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1966, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortepan.hu\/_photo\/download\/fortepan_59495.jpg\">https:\/\/www.fortepan.hu\/_photo\/download\/fortepan_59495.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Kiskos Vajk, &#8220;Hungary Fortepan 6977,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1975, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fortepan.hu\/_photo\/download\/fortepan_12827.jpg\">http:\/\/www.fortepan.hu\/_photo\/download\/fortepan_12827.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Pixabay, &#8220;A red car driving down a curvy road,&#8221; <em>PICRYL<\/em>, 2016, Public Domain (CC0 1.0).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/car-red-road-transportation-traffic-267d1c\">https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/car-red-road-transportation-traffic-267d1c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">U.S. National Archives, &#8220;Environmental Images (Water Treatment Plant, Vegetables, Sculptures, Air Pollution, Oil Tanks, Aerial Photos of Cities, Water Pollution, Waterways, Dumps, Trash) &#8211; 9\/22\/2003,&#8221; <em>PICRYL<\/em>, 2007, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/environmental-images-water-treatment-plant-vegetables-sculptures-air-pollution-1b721e\">https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/environmental-images-water-treatment-plant-vegetables-sculptures-air-pollution-1b721e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Documerica, &#8220;Auto Dump,&#8221; U.S. <em>National Archives<\/em>, 1972, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/auto-dump-2383f8\">https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/auto-dump-2383f8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Uvaterv, &#8220;97095,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1965, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=97095\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=97095<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Uvaterv, &#8220;98848,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1975, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=98848\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=98848<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jakab Antal, &#8220;202025,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1965, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=202025\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=202025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">V\u00e9szi \u00c1gnes, &#8220;136910,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1983, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=136910\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?id=136910<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Albert Robida, &#8220;A night at the opera in the year 2000,&#8221; <em>Library of Congress<\/em>, 1882, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/a-night-at-the-opera-in-the-year-2000-cartoon-by-albert-robida-ca-1882-b81d2b\">https:\/\/picryl.com\/media\/a-night-at-the-opera-in-the-year-2000-cartoon-by-albert-robida-ca-1882-b81d2b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Well-Spaced Towers Rise Amid Light and Air in Tomorrow&#8217;s City,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">General Motors, &#8220;Pedestrians and Motorcars Will Continue on Their Way Without Interference,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions.<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Air, Light, Space\u2014and Safety for Pedestrians and Motorists in Tomorrow&#8217;s City,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions.<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Express Boulevards Are the Main Arteries for Through City Traffic,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Parking and Unloading Will Be Removed from the Street to Within the Building Area,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Open Spaces in Cities Will Provide Healthier Living,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;A Typical Express Boulevard Intersection and Feeders,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Street Intersection\u2014City of Tomorrow\u2014World&#8217;s Fair 1939,&#8221; Internet Archive, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Control Bridge: Future Motorway Style,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;The Crossing Point of Two Future Motorways,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Richard Garrison, &#8220;Convenient Emergency Stations Are Located Along the Motorway,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1939, No known copyright restrictions. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/magicmotorways00geddrich\/page\/52\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Frigidaire, &#8220;Out of This World,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1964, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/out_of_this_world\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/out_of_this_world<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">MPO Productions, &#8220;The American Road,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1953, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/the-american-road-1953\/the-american-road-1953-10mbps.mp4\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/the-american-road-1953\/the-american-road-1953-10mbps.mp4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Sound Masters, &#8220;Achievement USA,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1955, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Achievem1955\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Achievem1955<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Handy (Jam) Organization, &#8220;Key to Our Horizons,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1952, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/KeytoOur1952\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/KeytoOur1952<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">MPO Productions, Inc., &#8220;Freedom of the American Road (Part II),&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1955, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Freedomo1955_2\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Freedomo1955_2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jimmie Briggs and Melissa Stanton, &#8220;Decades of Highway Construction and Community Destruction,&#8221; <em>AARP<\/em>, 2023, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aarp.org\/livable-communities\/getting-around\/info-2023\/before-the-highway-introduction.html\">https:\/\/www.aarp.org\/livable-communities\/getting-around\/info-2023\/before-the-highway-introduction.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">MPO Productions, &#8220;Design for Dreaming,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1956, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Designfo1956\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/Designfo1956<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Public Domain, &#8220;Betty Boop (Castle Cartoons VHS compilation, 1988),&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1988, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/betty-boop-castle-cartoons-1988\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/betty-boop-castle-cartoons-1988<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Unigon, &#8220;Felix the Cat in &#8216;The Cat And The Kit&#8217; [circa 1927],&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 2018, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/FelixTheCatAndTheKitcirca1927\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/FelixTheCatAndTheKitcirca1927<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Eric Porter Studios, &#8220;Eric Porter&#8217;s Color Classics,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1952, Public Domain Mark 1.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/e-1-rabbit-stew\/E2+-+Bimbo's+Auto.mp4\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/e-1-rabbit-stew\/E2+-+Bimbo&#8217;s+Auto.mp4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Csaba L\u00e1szl\u00f3 \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6sei, &#8220;288027,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1962, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?q=Volkswagen%20Beetle\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?q=Volkswagen%20Beetle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Sz\u0171cs Attila, &#8220;263177,&#8221; <em>Fortepan<\/em>, 1962, CC BY-SA 3.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?q=Volkswagen%20Beetle\">https:\/\/fortepan.hu\/en\/photos\/?q=Volkswagen%20Beetle<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Unknown author, &#8220;Dein-kdf-s10,&#8221; <em>Wikimedia<\/em>, 1936, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dein-kdf-s10.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dein-kdf-s10.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Unknown author, &#8220;DB2020AL00382,&#8221; <em>Volkswagen Newsroom<\/em>, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.volkswagen-newsroom.com\/en\/images\/detail\/75-years-ago-us-troops-liberate-volkswagen-plant-and-city-on-mittellandkanal-33019?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.volkswagen-newsroom.com\/en\/images\/detail\/75-years-ago-us-troops-liberate-volkswagen-plant-and-city-on-mittellandkanal-33019?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Unknown author, &#8220;DB2020AL00384,&#8221; <em>Volkswagen Newsroom<\/em>, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.volkswagen-newsroom.com\/en\/images\/detail\/75-years-ago-us-troops-liberate-volkswagen-plant-and-city-on-mittellandkanal-33021?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.volkswagen-newsroom.com\/en\/images\/detail\/75-years-ago-us-troops-liberate-volkswagen-plant-and-city-on-mittellandkanal-33021?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jean Marc Cote, &#8220;France in XXI Century. Rolling house,&#8221; <em>Wikimedia<\/em>, 1899, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Rolling_house.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Rolling_house.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Villemard, &#8220;France in XXI Century. Opera avenue,&#8221; <em>Wikimedia<\/em>, 1910, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Opera_avenue.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Opera_avenue.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">JVillemard, &#8220;France in XXI Century. Flying police,&#8221; <em>Wikimedi<\/em>a, 1910, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Flying_police.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Flying_police.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jean Marc Cote, &#8220;France in XXI Century. Air cab,&#8221; <em>Wikimedia<\/em>, 1899, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Air_cab.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Air_cab.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Villemard, &#8220;France in XXI Century. Air cup,&#8221; <em>Wikimedia<\/em>, 1910, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Air_cup.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:France_in_XXI_Century._Air_cup.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">UNEP, 2023, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/sustmob.org\/PCFV\/LightDutyVehicles_Report_June2024.pdf\">https:\/\/sustmob.org\/PCFV\/LightDutyVehicles_Report_June2024.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Uber, &#8220;Uber AIR: The Future of Airborne Travel | Uber Elevate | Uber,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2019, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mUEj6EnBzks&amp;t=3s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mUEj6EnBzks&amp;t=3s<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Platinum Arabia, &#8220;Virgin Hyperloop Passenger Experience,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2021, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hJ04CbEgJZ8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hJ04CbEgJZ8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">CNN, &#8220;Elon Musk: The Hyperloop is easy, my interns can do it,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2015, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bQcfi8HK1i8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bQcfi8HK1i8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Elon Musk Clips, &#8220;Elon Musk explains his ideas for the hyperloop,&#8221; <em>Youtub<\/em>e, 2018, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OPDnk8tosHI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OPDnk8tosHI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Tesla, &#8220;Cybercab | The Future is Autonomous,&#8221; <em>Youtub<\/em>e, 2024, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Qfj4urMF8CU\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Qfj4urMF8CU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">MG Investing, &#8220;Elon Musk Promises Full Self-Driving &#8216;Next Year&#8217;,&#8221; <em>Youtube<\/em>, 2024, under fair use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B4rdISpXigM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B4rdISpXigM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Davis (Sid) Productions, &#8220;Bicycle Today &#8211; Automobile Tomorrow,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1969, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BicycleToday\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/BicycleToday<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">General Motors Photographic, &#8220;Your Permit to Drive,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1951, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/YourPerm1951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Handy (Jam) Organization, &#8220;How to Go Places,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1954, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/HowtoGoP1954\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/HowtoGoP1954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\u2193 <strong>Audio references<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jam Handy Organization, &#8220;Master Hands (4K),&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1936, Public Domain Mark 1.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/masterhandscomplete4kh264\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/masterhandscomplete4kh264<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Jan Paderewski, &#8220;The Music of Ignacy Jan Paderewski,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheMusicOfIgnacyJanPaderewski\/Ignacy-Jan-Paderewski-Sonata3-chast_muzofon.com.mp3\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheMusicOfIgnacyJanPaderewski\/Ignacy-Jan-Paderewski-Sonata3-chast_muzofon.com.mp3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Russell Garcia, &#8220;Fantastica LP (1958),&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1958, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/fantastica-cover\/Garcia%2C+Russell+(1958)+-+Fantastica%2C+side+A+(archive).flac\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/fantastica-cover\/Garcia%2C+Russell+(1958)+-+Fantastica%2C+side+A+(archive).flac<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Igor Stravinsky, &#8220;Firebird Suite,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1945, CC0 1.0 Universal. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/StravinskyFirebirdSuite\/05_firebirdInfernalDance.mp3\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/StravinskyFirebirdSuite\/05_firebirdInfernalDance.mp3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Warner Brothers, &#8220;Sinkin&#8217; In The Bathtub,&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 1930, Public Domain Mark 1.0. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sinkin-in-the-bathtub-190611-ltgc.webm.-480p.vp-9\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sinkin-in-the-bathtub-190611-ltgc.webm.-480p.vp-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\">Unigon, &#8220;Felix the Cat in &#8216;The Cat And The Kit&#8217; [circa 1927],&#8221; <em>Internet Archive<\/em>, 2018, Public Domain. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/FelixTheCatAndTheKitcirca1927\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/FelixTheCatAndTheKitcirca1927<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anything else that is not listed above is either recorded footage and materials we specifically made for this video or stock footage we acquired.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Credits Writer and Narrator &#8211; M. Martelli Art Director and Illustrator &nbsp;&#8211; Mina Mimosa Director, Cinematographer, Video Editor, Sound Editor, and Narrator \u2013 Aron Nor Video transcript [General Motors Presents\u2026][1] just kidding\u2026 [Your Chevrolet Dealer Presents][2] Oops, that\u2019s not the one\u2026 [created by just wondering\u2026] Yes, now we can turn the key\u2026 [in the ignition]&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-video-essays"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The car, a capitalist dream come true | just wondering...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It can get you places, but it can also get you stuck in traffic. It\u2019s nice to be inside one if it\u2019s raining, but not so nice to smell its exhaust fumes. Yes, we\u2019re talking about the car, something many of us wish we had\u2026 and others wish to never hear one honk again. In this video essay, the short history, contradictory present, and mysterious future of automobility are explored. From the early promises of speed to the current accumulation of second-hand cars in countries such as Romania, to the futuristic visions of self-driving vehicles, we\u2019ve got it all. Jump in!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/ro\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The car, a capitalist dream come true | just wondering...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It can get you places, but it can also get you stuck in traffic. It\u2019s nice to be inside one if it\u2019s raining, but not so nice to smell its exhaust fumes. Yes, we\u2019re talking about the car, something many of us wish we had\u2026 and others wish to never hear one honk again. In this video essay, the short history, contradictory present, and mysterious future of automobility are explored. 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Jump in!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/ro\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"just wondering...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/justwonderingyt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-20T12:19:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-22T08:47:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/justwondering.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-1024x576.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"just wondering...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@justwonderingyt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@justwonderingyt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"just wondering...\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"25 de minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"just wondering...\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f1e64504434a2269c7992c1a298539a6\"},\"headline\":\"The car, a capitalist dream come true\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-20T12:19:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-22T08:47:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5400,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/03-scaled.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Video-essays\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/\",\"name\":\"The car, a capitalist dream come true | just wondering...\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/the-car-a-capitalist-dream-come-true\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/justwondering.io\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/03-scaled.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-20T12:19:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-22T08:47:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"It can get you places, but it can also get you stuck in traffic. It\u2019s nice to be inside one if it\u2019s raining, but not so nice to smell its exhaust fumes. Yes, we\u2019re talking about the car, something many of us wish we had\u2026 and others wish to never hear one honk again. In this video essay, the short history, contradictory present, and mysterious future of automobility are explored. From the early promises of speed to the current accumulation of second-hand cars in countries such as Romania, to the futuristic visions of self-driving vehicles, we\u2019ve got it all. 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